EDITIONS

Following Georgia’s application for EU membership in March 2022, it was finally granted candidate status on the basis of European Council conclusions of December 14 and 15, 2023.

The relationships between the two are predominantly governed by the Association Agreement (AA) concluded between the EU and Georgia. The AA is an outcome of the EU’s European neighbourhood  policy (ENP), an important part of the EU’s foreign policy, of which Georgia is one of 16 partner countries. While the AA has historically framed the contours of EU-Georgia cooperation, the recent advancement of Georgia’s status marks the commencement of a significantly more dynamic phase of interaction. Consequently, in future the scope of engagement will further extend beyond the domains outlined by the AA, the Treaty Establishing Energy Community, or the Common Aviation Area Agreement. Moreover, Georgia will have to broaden its horizon and look much further than it had to in case of the existing bilateral and multilateral agreements with the EU, embracing a more comprehensive approach to its integration efforts.

The paper serves as the written statement of the speech delivered by the representative of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia at the International Scientific Conference convened by the collaborative efforts of Lazarski University and the European Integration Research Center at Georgian National University SEU. The author is steadfast in the belief that discussions conducted during the conference contribute significantly to deepening Georgia’s integration with the EU, and foster stronger connections between academia and the policymaking sector.

Keywords: EU, Georgia, legal approximation, EU Law, Association Agreement, candidacy.

Modern organizations are faced with the challenge of global competition, therefore, they will have to implement rationalization and restructuring in a systematic and situational way, which affects the content of work, the development of new models for planning business tasks, and the quality of responsibility. Creating motivating working conditions and an employee-oriented corporate culture is central to the future health of organizations. Identifying employees with the company’s values ​​and goals will increase their loyalty. Cultural intervention will help change in the desired direction. A clear and inspiring vision should reflect the desired culture. This must be communicated and demonstrated in all areas of the organization. Open communication about the goals of the culture change and the progress of the process helps build trust and buy-in. Here, it is necessary to make decision-making processes transparent and to take into account the feedback of employees. The sustainable operation of the organization is conditioned by the implementation of adaptive changes in the following areas: Corporate values and Participatory management; Action competence and development opportunity; Change management and Goal oriented decision making; Development of social and professional diversity of human resources. The management of organizational development should be linked to the identification of social factors (social iteration and group dynamics greatly influence work behavior and motivation; raising awareness of the impact of individual behavior on the group in order to reflect and develop new behaviors; analyzing interpersonal skills and group dynamic processes). Organizational development is a systematic approach to organizational change. For the head, the achievement evaluation system has the following importance: to clearly understand the connection between strategic tasks and department tasks; optimal ratio between efforts and results; Better understanding of the reasons for success and failure; Specifying the need for the learning process; better evaluation of the effectiveness of the learning process; Increasing employee motivation and awareness.

Keywords: participatory management. Good teaching. situational vision. Professional management. process quality.

The aim of the work is to confirm the issues of economic evaluation of education and distance learning systems, and to affirm the methodology of valuation and economic valuation as a key issue of objective valuation and reasoning. The subject of research in this paper is the evaluation of the quality of teaching delivered through distance learning studies, i.e., how students perceive the quality of this kind of teaching. A particularly significant research problem posed in this work is whether and to what extent the effectiveness of the economic adoption of the distance learning system is influenced by the current education system. In writing this paper, the author relied on previous research in the area of economic growth and development analysis, as well as technology evaluation and invisible capital. A comparative analysis of the distance learning system, which the author has been dealing with for many years, is also provided. The results certainly indicate important trends, which were expected. The conducted analysis only gives indications for further research, which is certainly lacking in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the level of tertiary education. In the context of harmonizing policies on the labor market and education policy, it would be interesting to observe the speed of employment of students who graduate from certain economic universities and professional studies in the country, but for such adequate monitoring, it is not enough to analyze the data alone from the employment office, it would be necessary to analyze the quality of individual faculties. The key conclusion: E-learning is an educational process realized using computer and information technologies, enabling spatial distance between the user and the provider of educational services. E-learning, as one of the alternative methods, forms, or technologies of education, has evidently gained primacy in learning and work in recent years. All educational processes are simultaneously economic processes with the primary goal of minimizing investments and maximizing economic gains.

Keywords: Economic Valuation, Economic Development, Education.

This study analyzes labor rights and occupational safety and health (OSH) practices within Georgia’s tourism and hospitality sector, with a particular focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startups, especially those led by youth and women. The research is based on a survey conducted among 41 businesses, which represent a range of business types and geographic regions. The findings indicate varying levels of awareness and implementation of labor rights and OSH regulations. While most businesses are familiar with basic labor rights such as working hours, overtime compensation, and rest periods, there are significant gaps in awareness of more complex rights like collective bargaining and minimum wage requirements.

In terms of OSH practices, the survey revealed a substantial need for improvement. Although emergency evacuation procedures and fire safety training are commonly implemented, other critical measures such as ergonomic assessments and stress management programs are less widespread. A concerning number of businesses do not conduct regular OSH training, and many lack dedicated personnel responsible for overseeing safety standards.

The study identifies several key challenges, including the management of overtime, informal employment, and the need for regular safety training. Based on these findings, the paper recommends targeted interventions, such as sector-specific training programs, regional outreach, and stronger support for women-led businesses. These efforts are essential to improving compliance with labor laws and OSH regulations, ultimately creating safer and more equitable working environments in Georgia’s tourism and hospitality sector.

Keywords: Labor Rights, Occupational Safety and Health OSH, Tourism and Hospitality

Modern society increasingly demands graduates equipped with a deep worldview and a solid foundation of knowledge, skills, and competencies. Throughout their education, students are exposed to the fundamentals of various sciences, including mathematics, for eleven years. Given that mathematics is one of the core subjects in secondary education, it is imperative that students not only master the methods of computation and logical reasoning but also deeply engage with mathematical concepts through historical contexts. This paper explores the integration of historical and scientific materials into mathematics education, emphasizing their significance in enriching the learning experience. By utilizing historical facts and narratives, educators can present mathematics as a dynamic and evolving discipline, fostering a sense of connection between students and the subject matter. The research indicates that the incorporation of historical materials enhances students’ conceptual understanding, critical thinking skills, and mathematical modeling abilities. Furthermore, it promotes a broader appreciation for mathematics as an essential component of personal culture and societal development. This study aims to provide educators and prospective students with strategies to leverage historical resources, thereby transforming mathematics into a vibrant field of inquiry. Through this approach, we seek to cultivate a generation of learners who view mathematics not only as a set of abstract concepts but also as a rich, contextualized discipline that reflects human thought and innovation over time.

Keywords: History of mathematics, content of historical and scientific materials, geometric methods of solving equations, proof of identities using geometric methods, lune and its area, content requirements, geometric methods of solving equations, proof of identities using geometric methods.

AMS Subject Classification:  97E50 – Mathematics education, 97C30 – Curriculum and pedagogy in mathematics, 97D40 – Teaching methods and instructional strategies, 01A30 – History of mathematics, 97K10 – Use of technology in teaching mathematics.

Domestic violence is one of the most significant and serious challenges in Georgia. Violence affects the physical and psychological health of victimized women, children, and all family members in general. As a result, not only the family but society as a whole is impacted. Violence is often invisible to the public, hidden from view, which limits opportunities for control and, consequently, prevention. To prevent domestic violence, it is necessary to analyze the psychosocial dynamics of violence and the legislative response, considering the diverse cultural and legal context. This study examines the psychosocial and cultural factors of family violence in Georgia, as well as the analysis of the legislative response. Using a mixed research methodology, scientific theories, relevant studies, and legislative frameworks were analyzed during the desk research stage. Focus groups and qualitative interviews with experts in the field and women victims of domestic violence were conducted to study the nature of domestic violence in Georgia. The socio-cultural and psycho-legal prerequisites of violence, the level of legal awareness among victims, and the effectiveness of existing legislative measures were also analyzed. As a result of the research, specific cultural and legal factors unique to Georgia were identified that clearly influence cases of violence. Recommendations were developed to improve the existing legal system, prevent this crime, and implement effective support mechanisms for victims.

Key words: Patriarchal culture, social stigma, education, gender equality

As a consequence of the conflicts occurred in 1990, Abkhazia and in 2008, South Ossetia, up to half million Georgian citizens were forced to leave their places of residence. The sufferers of the armed conflicts had to cope with bad socio-political situation and its accompanying crises, which is considered to have negative affect on the psychological state of the internally displaced persons. They often suffer psychological distress, which might have long-term destructive impact on the quality of their life, the index of social integration and general well-being. The research objective included the study of the migration processes of internally displaced persons and their psychological state. Using the tools adapted to Georgian population, through the quantitative research method, it was managed to determine the level of resilience, life orientation, depression, migration and anxiety. The results of this study will build valuable knowledge in terms of the psychological state of refugees, migration processes, social integration and difficulties associated with adaptation in the new environment. The analysis of the received data will provide significant help for the professionals working in the direction of mental health and the groups, whose activities are oriented to supporting the people living in the conflict zone and strengthening them through services.

Keywords: Internal Displacement; Psychological state; Migration Processes; Stress Resilience.

Low achievement motivation among secondary students is a serious problem that can have a lasting effect on their academic success. Students may lack motivation because of a variety of factors, such as lack of interest in the subject matter, feeling overwhelmed or discouraged by the difficulty they face. This study employed a cross-sectional research design. Findings of the study reveals that self-esteem (β = -.325; t = -4.710; P < .000) significantly, independently predicts achievement motivation.  Also, emotional intelligence (β = .097; t = 3.848; P < .000) significantly, independently predicts achievement motivation among private secondary school students in Lagos. The result showed that self-esteem (β=.093; t= 3.822; p<0.05) and emotional intelligence (β=.263; t= 4.798; p<0.05) jointly predict achievement motivation among private secondary school students in Lagos State. The study recommends that individual counseling services or mentoring programs should be made available to assist students in developing their self-esteem and emotional intelligence. Promoting collaborative learning environments and peer support systems can have a positive impact on students’ self-esteem and emotional intelligence. Group projects, team-building activities, and peer mentoring programs foster a sense of belonging and create opportunities for students to develop interpersonal skills, empathy, and emotional resilience. By working together and supporting one another, students can enhance their overall well-being and academic growth.

Keywords: Achievement Motivation, Counseling, Emotional Intelligence, Self-Esteem, Private Secondary School, Students.

The Enlightenment period marked transformative era in Jewish history, characterized by profound social, cultural, and intellectual shifts. Within this context, Jewish women navigated complex emotional landscapes shaped by changing gender norms, religious ideologies, and socio-political dynamics.

Drawing on a diverse range of primary sources and interdisciplinary methodologies, this study explores the multifaceted experiences and emotions of Jewish women during the Enlightenment period.

By examining themes, such as migration, acculturation, and identity formation the study sheds light on the ways in which Jewish women negotiated their agency, resilience and sense of belonging within rapidly evolving societies. Through a nuanced analyzes of historical narratives, personal testimonies, and cultural artefacts, this study illuminates the intersections of gender, religion, and emotion in shaping Jewish women’s lives in this pivotal moment in history. By centering the voices and experiences of Jewish women, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of Jewish history and the enduring legacies of women’s emotional world in the Enlightenment period.

Keywords: Jewish women, Enlightenment, Emotions of emancipation, Acculturation, Socio-political dynamics.

It will not be an exaggeration to say that the 21st century is hard to imagine without modern computers, cell phones or “smart technologies”, the role of which and the dependence of people on them in everyday life is growing rapidly. Besides, the world is unimaginable without largely discussed 5G technology and its impact on industry or labor market, which together with the economic activity is closely linked to the military industry, the development of which is impossible without free access to microchips or modern high-tech components. Yet, while using different technologies, we rarely think about the ABCs of the production of its components. If we take a closer look at the situation in the current market, we will be convinced that they bear not just economic, but the greatest geopolitical and strategic load as well, that may be compared with oil and gas, however, the difference is the semiconductors can’t be substituted by the alternative sources. These seemingly small squares hold a mysterious power so crucial to our civilization that stopping their production for any reason paralyzes the economy across the planet. In that respect it became especially obvious after the end of the Covid-19 pandemic, when microchip shortages have disrupted manufacturing processes and global supply chains; what’s more, a number of high-tech industries were completely paralyzed.

Therefore, the leading countries while engaged in the technological competition and marathon spare no effort and trying to expand their spheres of influence in the global production chain of semiconductors and micro or nano technologies.

This article reviews the current situation in the world in that respect and how it is changing not only the world of microelectronics, but also politics. It focuses on how the pandemic and chip shortages have turned Taiwan’s largely anonymous services company TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) into the center of a global battle for future technologies. It also shows the tense situation between China and the United States and Taiwan, and how acute and sensitive it is for China to “return” Taiwan to become the absolute leader in the production of microchips, not to mention security, because in the event of the deployment of Chinese military bases there, the entire chain of islands and the nearest water Space control will be secured.

The modern trends of globalization are complexly changing the security environment and the future will show what happens tomorrow, however, we want to believe that all countries involved in the above-mentioned processes will still be able to find common ground, which will ultimately ensure the prevention of new military conflicts and innocent life loss.

Keywords: Semiconductors, “Smart Technologies”, China, Taiwan, Microchip Manufacturing, “Silicon Shield”.

The document “Environmental Challenges and the Role of Media” explores the critical role media plays in addressing global environmental issues, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development as outlined by the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda. It discusses the significant impact of climate change and related natural disasters, using examples such as the landslide in Shovi and the flooding in Guria and the explosion in Kakhovka., to illustrate the urgency of effective media coverage. It investigates the media’s role in informing the public about climate change and environmental crises, identifying gaps in coverage and the media’s tendency to focus on sensational events rather than preventive measures. Through in-depth interviews with field experts, journalists, and surveys of Georgian citizens, the research reveals a need for more comprehensive, accurate, and preventive reporting on environmental issues. Recommendations include enhancing journalists’ training, improving public education, and developing specific media standards to better address and communicate environmental challenges in Georgia.

Keywords: Climate Change, Environmental Challenges, Ecological Crises, Media Role, Media Standards, Public Awareness, Environmental Education

The article deals with the direct conductors and direct perceptions of mass communication, the response of the message, and the decoder to improvisational information. As well emphasis is placed on presenting the pros and cons of direct signals. There are discussed the differences and effectiveness of the effects on public opinions, compared to pre-prepared audiovisual material and direct informative-cognitive-entertaining media products in the study.

Key Words: Direct perception, Information, Emergencies, Sports broadcasts, Jokes, Concerts, Improvisational Conductor.